1. Atom is: The smallest unit of matter that consists of a core, which usually contains protons (+ charge) and neutrons (neutral), and the skin containing the electron negative charge. Some say that the atom is a particle elements.

Both terms are all true. What is certain is that the atom:

- Has protons, neutrons, electrons, (except pd Hydrogen-1, which has no neutrons)

- It has certain characteristics, ie the number of protons and electrons have the same (if not the same so-called ion)

- Atom2 which has the same characteristics called elements,

The analogy is simple: Anyone who frequently reads, we call sikutu book, the story we have 4 friends who have a hobby of reading, so we conclude our four friends the nerds because it has the same habits. So

our friend = atom,

equally as hobby read = the number of protons and electrons have the same character / type,

Book the ticks = elements

This assumption is wrong

- Joint / tie some atoms will form elements (FALSE).

Truth: element is the name for the collection / collection of atoms that have the same character. Combined / bonding atoms but instead form multiple elements to form molecules. Distinguishing sets and tie ..!

2. The molecule is: A combination of several atomic elements, can be two or more. This means that when speaking of this molecule then atom2 imaginable combination (instead of 1 atom). The molecule is the smallest particle of an element / compound

- If the combination of atoms of the same element type called Molecular Elements, for example: O2, H2, O3, S8

- If the combination of elements of different types of atoms called molecules compounds, eg H2O, CO2, C2H5

3. Ions are: electrically charged atoms, called ions electrically charged cations and negatively charged ions are called anions. Cations and anions can be either a single ion consists of only one type of atom or polyatomic ion may also contain two or more atoms are different.

Some Conclusions:

Elements that particles can be atoms / molecules element. Unsur2 atomic particle shape, which means that it can stand on its own or only contain one atom only, paper written chemical symbol, eg C (carbon), He (Helium). When the particles form a molecule that means the element is formed from a combination of atoms of the same type, it can not stand alone, unsur2 written chemical symbol is accompanied by the number of atoms penyusunya. For example: O2, H2. So the element oxygen O've just written, but added the number 2 as meaning that the element is composed of two atoms of oxygen.

TYPE MATERIAL / SUBSTANCE

Materials / substances are generally divided into two parts, namely the single substance and mixture. A single substance can be an element or compound. While the mixture can be a mixture of homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture.



1. Element is: A group of atoms that have the same number of protons in its nucleus. This number is called the atomic number of the element. It is also defined as a single substance that can not be divided into parts smaller.

I just want to emphasize the "element of the name only to atoms that have the same character (having the same number of protons)." For example, all atoms with 6 protons in their nuclei are atoms of the chemical element carbon, and all atoms with 92 protons in their nuclei are atoms of the element uranium.

You could say the element is the atom itself, for example: if there is H2O, then we can say: it is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, while the hydrogen and oxygen are both elements.

2. Compound: The compound is a single substance that consists of several interrelated elements. This compound is formed from at least two different elements. Although composed of different elements, but these compounds are still considered as a single agent, because of the nature of the elements that make it can not be found within the complex. In other words

The compound has been transformed into a new substance.

Example:
The reaction between hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O2), obtained a new substance called water:

H + O2 ---> H2O

In reaction, a new substance resulting from the different constituent elements. Hydrogen is a very light gas and flammable gases, while the oxygen present in the air that our bodies need for combustion. It seems clear that the properties of water vary with the nature of hydrogen and oxygen.

Characteristics of the compound is that it has a mass ratio of fixed constituency, water consists of oxygen and hydrogen with a mass ratio of hydrogen than oxygen element is always 8: 1

Differences compounds and molecules

"Each compound is a compound molecule but not necessarily every molecule". The compound is a combination of at least two different atoms, while the combination of at least two molecules of the same atom can also be different.

3. Mixture: A substance that is composed of several kinds of substances and irregular arrangement of elements and compounds. The mixture is a substance consisting of two or single substance. The material that we face day-to-day almost all of the mixture. In fact we often make a mixture of materials, for example, when we make coffee or sweet tea.

The mixture can be divided into three types, namely:

Solution = homogeneous mixture
Heterogeneous mixture = Suspension, and
The state of a mixture of colloidal suspensions and solutions =
3.1. Solution: a mixture of two or more substances that are composed of the solute and solvent. Condensation particle size is very small, less than 1 nm, so it can not be seen with a microscope so though. and can not distinguish between the solute and solvent media. Substances in the solution can not be separated by filtration.

Examples of the sugar solution, we can not tell where the water in which sugar sugar solution. Some examples of the solution is a salt solution, a solution of acid-base and others.

3.2. The suspension was: Suspension is rough and heterogeneous mixture. Suspension particle size of more than 100 nm.

An example is a mixture of flour suspension in water, is it still seemed flour? The answer is yes, still. This mixture is initially looks like a cloudy solution, but eventually separated due to gravity (having deposition). The suspension can be separated by filtration. Examples such as the suspension of lime water, ground water, ice cendol, stones mixed with sand and others.

3.3. Colloids are: Colloid is a mixture consisting of dispersed particles and particle dispersion. Colloidal particle size between 1 nm - 100 nm. Or in other words the situation colloidal particle size between suspensions and solutions.

Examples of colloids are milk, milk, coconut, soap and paint. Cloudy but stable colloid (no separate / settle). Materials in the colloidal mixture can not be separated through a routine, but using ultra filter.

Some other examples of colloids are milk, foam, coconut milk, agar-agar, pearls, colored glass, and other